The Effects of Conformity and Load in Total Knee Replacement

Abstract

The effects of different conformity ratios and loads on the ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene stress levels acting on knee implants were examined using a nonlinear, finite element analysis. The contact condition between a rigid cylinder with a radius of 30 mm and a polyethylene plate was modeled. Nonlinear behavior of polyethylene was assumed. The polyethylene plate was constructed with varying radii, with a minimal thickness of 6 mm and with a width of 40 mm. The ratio of the cylinder radius to the radius of the polyethylene plate was defined as the conformity ratio; a conformity ratio of 0 represented a flat tibial inlay, whereas the highest ratio modeled of 0.99 was nearly conforming. The conformity ratios modeled were 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 0.95, and 0.99. The loads applied were 1000 N, 2000 N, 3000 N, 4000 N, 5000 N, and 6000 N. The effects of different conformity ratios and loads on the contact area (mm²), the compressive surface stress (MPa), the shear stress (MPa), and the von Mises stress (MPa) were investigated. It was found that all of these parameters were affected by changes to the conformity ratio and to a lesser extent by load changes. That is, increasing the load from 3000 N to 6000 N resulted in a surface and shear stress increase lower than the increase in stress caused by the small change of the conformity ratio from 0.99 to 0.95. The effect of an increasing conformity ratio on the reduction in stress was more pronounced for conformity ratios above 0.8. In addition, the effect of a load increase for a flat tibial inlay was two times greater than for one with near full conformity.