A High-Pressure Wire Gage Using Gold-Chrome Wire

Abstract
Precision experiments with manganin wire for the measurement of high pressures are made difficult by virtue of the temperature-resistance response of the manganin. The equilibrium time required for this material to steady out after rapid pressure changes makes manganin generally unsuited for uses in industrial-control applications. For this reason, a study was made of the pressure and temperature response characteristics of several new materials. An alloy of 2.1 per cent chromium in gold was found to have much less sensitivity to temperature, varying from +1 to −1 ppm per deg F over the range of 40 F to 200 F, while manganin varies from +5 to −40 ppm in this same interval. This alloy also has a strong pressure coefficient. Typical values are 0.67 to 0.72 × 10−7 ohm/ohm/psi for gold chrome as compared to 1.69 to 1.72 × 10−7 ohm/ohm/psi for the manganin tested. Although the pressure sensitivity is only 33 per cent that of manganin, the smaller temperature sensitivity of the gold chrome results in good discrimination between temperature and pressure changes. Gold chrome responds rapidly to pressure changes, quickly coming to equilibrium, and does not show the annoying drift so characteristic of manganin. It is generally pressure seasoned with a single application of pressure, as compared to several cycles usually required for manganin. Its long-term stability compares favorably with manganin.