Sol−Gel-Derived Gold Composite Electrodes

Abstract

The preparation, characterization, and analytical utility of sol−gel-derived gold composite electrodes is described. The new metal−ceramic electrodes are comprised of gold powder homogeneously dispersed in a modified silica matrix. They couple the favorable electron-transfer kinetics common to gold surfaces with the regeneration, bulk modification, and versatility features of sol−gel-derived composite materials. The voltammetric characteristics of the composite gold−silica electrodes are explored and compared with conventional gold electrodes. Sol−gel-derived gold biosensors have been prepared by incorporating an oxidase enzyme within the sol−gel gold solution. Analogous thick-film enzyme strips, based on a new screen-printable gold biogel ink, have also been fabricated. To our knowledge, the above represent the first examples of metal−ceramic sensing electrodes and of bulk modification of metallic working electrodes.