Roles of c-type cytochromes in respiration in Neisseria meningitidis

Abstract

Three c-type cytochromes were identified in Neisseria meningitidis, based on predictions from genome sequences, that were hypothesized to be involved in electron transport to terminal electron acceptor reductases for oxygen (the cytochrome cbb₃ oxidase) and nitrite (the nitrite reductase, AniA). Mutants were generated by allelic exchange with disrupted copies of the genes encoding these cytochromes and the phenotypes of the resultant mutants analysed. It was found that cytochrome c₅ is required for in vivo nitrite reductase activity, whereas cytochromes c_x and c₄ are both required for efficient growth using oxygen as an electron acceptor. Mutants in c_x, c₄, and c_x+c₄ have a decreased capacity to reduce oxygen, but there is a background oxygen-reduction activity, indicating that there may be other routes for electron transfer from the cytochrome bc₁ complex to the cytochrome cbb₃ oxidase, whereas cytochrome c₅ appears to be the sole route of electrons to the nitrite reductase in N. meningitidis. Interestingly, cytochrome c_x is highly similar to a domain of copper nitrite reductases from various proteobacteria, whereas cytochrome c₅ has high identity with a domain of the cytochrome cbb₃ oxidase of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, yet these two proteins function in oxygen respiration and nitrite respiration, respectively. This highlights a limitation of predicting protein function from similarity to known proteins, i.e. very closely related protein domains in different organisms can have different redox partners.