Beebe, G. W. (Follow-up Agency, National Research Council, Wash., D.C. 20418), A. H. Simon and S. Vivona. Long-term mortality follow-up of Army recruits who received adjuvant influenza virus vaccine in 1951–1953. Am J Epidemiol 95: 337–346, 1972.—Although studies sponsored by the Commission on Influenza, Armed Forces Epidemiological Board have shown that the effectiveness of influenza virus vaccine can be greatly increased by emulsification in light mineral oil, concern as to the safety of oil-adjuvant preparations has prevented their acceptance for routine use pending definitive long-term testing of both emulsifying agent (Arlacel A) and mineral oil (Drakeol) in experimental animals. In a previous 10-year follow-up study based on Salk's 1951–1953 randomized trials of the adjuvant influenza virus vaccine at Ft. Dix, there was no suggestion of a mortality effect attributable to the adjuvant. In the present study the mortality follow-up has been extended through April 1969, 16 to 18 years after vaccination. The vaccine groups have been compared with respect to all diagnoses listed on the death certificates, autopsy protocols, and terminal hospital records. The findings are essentially negative with respect to malignant neoplasms, allergic diseases, and collagen diseases. In addition, there is no evidence that men known to have had the cyst-like reaction at the site of the inoculation, or thought to have had allergic reactions mediated by the adjuvant vaccine, have experienced a higher mortality risk.