Effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis and the metabolism of lactate in sheep

Abstract

Owing to the fermentative nature of their digestion, ruminant animals are highly dependent upon gluconeogenesis to meet their glucose needs. The role of hormones in regulating this process is not clear. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of insulin on the utilization of lactate in glucose synthesis in sheep. The euglycemic model was used in sheep. [U-¹⁴C]Lactate and [6-³H]glucose were infused to monitor lactate and glucose fluxes. Hepatic metabolism was measured using radioisotopic and venoarterial concentration difference techniques. Insulin concentrations increased from basal concentrations of 16 ± 2 to 95 ± 9 μU/mL. Insulin reduced the net hepatic utilization of lactate (303 ± 43 vs. 120 ± 27 μmol/min), hepatic extraction efficiency of lactate (29 ± 4 vs. 9 ± 2%), hepatic output of glucose (338 ± 33 vs. 103 ± 21 μmol/min), and incorporation of lactate into glucose (90 ± 5 vs. 46 ± 8 μmol/min). Insulin at physiological levels can inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis in ruminants.