The onset of puberty in males [Miopithecus talapoin, Cercopithecus cephus, C. pogonias, C. nictitans, C. neglectus, Cercocebus albigena, C. galeritus, C. torquatus] is indicated by a strong increase of weight, appearance of specific displays and changes in the vocal repertoire. Male social maturity follows sexual maturity, but does not depend only on age; it results also from behavioral interactions with the male leader within the one-male group.