Accumulation and Conversion of Sugars by Developing Wheat Grains

Abstract

The extent to which wheat grain growth is dependent on transport pool solute concentrations was investigated by the use of ilumination and partial grian removal to vary solute concentrations in the sieve tube and endosperm cavity saps of the wheat ear (Triticum aestivum L.). Shor-term grain growth rates were estimated indirectly from the product of phloem area, sieve tube sap concentration and 32P translocation velocity. On a per grain basis, calculated rates of mass transport through the peduncle were fairly constant over a substantial range in other transport parameters (i.e. velocity, concentrations, phloem area, and grain number). The rates were about 40% higher than expected; this probably reflects some unavoidable bias on faster-moving tracer in the velocity estimates. Sieve tube sap concentration increased in all experiments (by 20 to 64%), with a concomitant decline in velocity (to as low as 8% of the initial value). Endosperm cavity sucrose concentration also increased in all experiments, but cavity sap osmolality and total amino acid concentration remained nearly constant. No evidence was found for an increase in the rate of mass transport per grain through the peduncle in response to the treatments. This apparent unresponsiveness of grain growth rate to increased cavity sap sucrose concentration conflicts with earlier in vitro endosperm studies showning that sucrose uptake increased with increasing external sucrose concentration up to 150 to 200 millimolar.