Pulmonary Hypertension and Leukosequestration after Lower Torso Ischemia

Abstract

Ischemia stimulates thromboxane (Tx) synthesis. This study tests the hypothesis that the cardiopulmonary dysfunction that may follow aortic declamping is related to Tx. Anesthetized dogs (N = 15) were subjected to 4 hours of infrarenal aortic cross-clamping. In untreated control animals (N = 7), plasma levels of TxB2 rose from 654 .+-. 74 pg/mL to 1238 .+-. 585 pg/mL at 5 min (P < 0.05), and to 3174 .+-. 912 pg/mL 3 hours after declamping (p < 0.05). Mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) rose 5 min after declamping from 13 .+-. 2 mmHg to 21 .+-. 2 mmHg (p < 0.05). Cardiac Index (CI) declined during ischemia from 181 .+-. 30 mL/kg .cntdot. min to 128 .+-. 16 mL/min .cntdot. kg (p < 0.05), and to 80 .+-. 8 mL/min .cntdot. kg after 4 hours of reperfusion (p < 0.05). Platelet counts declined but platelets labeled with In-111 did not accumulate in the lungs, whereas quantitative counts of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the lungs 4 hours after declamping yielded 213 .+-. 33 PMN/25 high power fields (HPF) in dependent areas of the lung and 153 .+-. 26 PMN/25 HPF in nondependent areas. The wet/dry weight ratio of the lungs was not elevated, although foci of proteinaceous exudate and PMNs in alveoli were noted. Another group of dogs (N = 8) were pretreated by random choice with the Tx synthase inhibitor OKY-046 2 mg/kg IV every 2 hours, which led to: lower TxB2 levels at baseline 95 .+-. 35 pg/mL (p < 0.05), 5 min after ischemia 140 .+-. 93 pg/mL and after 3 hours of reperfusion 122 .+-. 36 (p < 0.05); lower MPAP, 16 .+-. 2 mmHg (p < 0.05); higher CI throughout (p < 0.05); normal histology and reduced pulmonary PMN sequestration both in dependent 127 .+-. 15 PMN/25 HPF and nondependent areas of the lungs 95 .+-. 11 PMN/25 HPF (p < 0.05). In animals undergoing sham ischemia (N = 3), levels of TxB2 and cardiopulmonary function remained unchanged from baseline. There were 150 PMN/25 HPF in dependent and 85 PMN/25 HPF in nondependent lung areas. The results indicate that ischemia-generated Tx mediates a rise in MPAP, a fall in CI, and PMN entrapment in the lungs.