Critical Examination of Physical Anthropometry on the Living

Abstract
The technique in anthropometry is as yet not fully standardized. Living persons are measured at all times of the day, with and without clothing, as well as in different physical and psychological attitudes. To determine the magnitude of the errors thus produced, one person was measured 50 successive times, considering the different conditions. Stature and sitting height were 8-10 mm. greater in the morning than in the afternoon, this difference being highly significant statistically. A woman''s clothing does not appreciably affect the significance of the measurement, except that it often obscures the location of the point to be measured. Measurements of waist, chest, arm girths, lip thickness and nose depth are among the least accurate due to absence of precise landmarks and difficulty in securing a uniform position. Dimensions taken on the bony parts of the head can be measured with great accuracy and thus are listed among those best adapted for general use. The authors, although similarly trained, differed appreciably on some measurements on the same individual. The differences were due to difficulty in locating the obscurely defined landmarks. The need for uniformity of technique among anthro-pometrists is discussed.