Timer reconsideration for enhanced RTP scalability

Abstract

RTP, the Real Time Transport Protocol, has gained widespread acceptance as the transport protocol for voice and video on the Internet. Its companion control protocol, the Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP), is used for loose session control, QoS reporting, and media synchronization, among other func- tions. The RTP specification describes an algorithm for determin- ing the RTCP packet transmission rate at a host participating in a multicast RTP session. This algorithm was designed to allow RTP to be used in sessions with anywhere from one to a mil- lion members. However, we have discovered several problems with this algorithm when used with very large groups with rapidly changing group membership. One problem is the flood of RTCP packets which occurs when many users join a multicast RTP ses- sion at nearly the same time. To solve this problem, we present a novel adaptive timer algorithm called reconsideration. We present a mathematical analysis of this algorithm, and demonstrate that it performs extremely well, reducing the congestion problem by several orders of magnitude. We also back up these results with simulation.