Tremendous progress has been made during the last few years in identification of novel tumor-associated microRNAs and experimental validation of their cancer relevant gene targets. Indeed, these small non-coding RNAs are now known to modulate many biological pathways related to cancer progression, metastasis and therapy-resistance. Therefore, modulating miRNA functions may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment. This article reviews recent literature on the role of miRNAs in cancer with an emphasis on their potential as cancer therapeutics.