Enhanced Emission of Iron Nuclei in Solar Flares

Abstract
Etched tracks in an Apollo-12 spacecraft window and a Surveyor-3 camera-lens filter give the interplanetary Fe energy spectra from ∼1 to ∼30 MeV/nucleon during 1967-1969. The strongly energy-dependent Fe/He ratio suggests that heavy nuclei are preferentially emitted from accelerating regions because of their low ionization state and high magnetic rigidity. The Fe fluxes give rise to extremely high track densities that we have observed in lunar soil.