Coreless vortices in superfluidHe3-A: Topological structure, nucleation, and the screening effect
- 1 August 1978
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review B
- Vol. 18 (3), 1144-1153
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.18.1144
Abstract
Two simple relations connecting the superfluid circulation around any contour enclosing a simply connected surface and the texture in are established. They are applied to discuss the topological structures and the nucleation of coreless vortices in superfluid -. It is shown that the latter is a very different phenomenon from the nucleation of singular vortices. A vortex ring of finite size, or a pair of antiparallel vortex lines separated by a finite distance, can be formed continuously out of a uniform order parameter. Their activation energy is connected intimately with the stability of superflow recently discussed. It vanishes near but happens to be nonzero near . It is also suggested that at any temperature the absolute minimum of the free energy of - in a container with a large surface circulation is given by a configuration with many coreless vortices confined in a tiny surface layer, so that in the bulk, the order parameter is a constant. This "screening effect," which affects strongly the amount of angular momentum carried by the fluid, is a special property of -.
Keywords
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