Steady-State Magnetizations in Rapid NMR Imaging Using Small Flip Angles and Short Repetition Intervals

Abstract

The steady-state magnetizations in three versions of rapid NMR imaging using small flip angles and short repetition intervals are studied. It is shown that in the original version, the estimation using (1 - E1) sin ¿/(1 - E1 cos ¿) contains errors that depend on the increment of the phase rotation angle arising from the phase encoding process. The modified version of rapid imaging, where the phase rotation due to the phase encoding process is compensated for in each time interval, can have sensitivity superior to the original version where the phase rotation is not compensated for. Here, flip angles larger than the Ernst angle must be used. In the third version, the steady-state magnetization is obtained by a rapid imaging sequence in which the phase rotations arising not only from the application of the phase encoding gradient but also from the applications of other gradients are compensated for. Analysis of this version showed a remarkable increase in sensitivity although it required the use of an extremely uniform field. It is estimated that this increase reaches 80 percent with a repetition interval of 10 ms, although a field uniformity less than 1 ¿T is necessary.