Spallation of Copper by 65-MeVπ+andπ−and by 205-MeV Protons

Abstract

The spallation of copper with 65-MeV ${\pi }^{+}$ and ${\pi }^{-}$ has been investigated radiochemically by the determination of the yields of 12 product nuclides. These yields are generally comparable to those from the interaction of 205-MeV protons with copper; however, there is evidence of a higher probability of very large energy deposition by pions than by protons. For product nuclides not too far removed from the target there are often large differences in yields with ${\pi }^{+}$, $p$, and ${\pi }^{-}$, reflecting the different charge-to-mass ratios of the initial systems of incident particle plus target. Most of the characteristics of pion spallation are adequately reproduced by intranuclear cascade simulation calculations.