Advanced bibliometric methods to assess research performance and scientific development: basic principles and recent practical applications

Abstract

A broad overview is presented of quantitative methods, based on bibliometric data. Specific indicators for important aspects of scientific research can be constructed, the main types being characteristics of scientific output; characteristics of scientific impact; and maps of science. Bibliometric indicators are particularly useful in the evaluation of natural sciences and medical research, but they also have increasing potential in the applied and engineering sciences, the humanities, and in the social sciences. Bibliometric mapping enables us to visualise scientific and technological developments, and the actors who play important roles in the different (sub)fields. The performance measurement and the mapping methods together provide a powerful analytic tool to assess research activities and to monitor science and technology.