Supersonic atomic and molecular halogen nozzle beam source

Abstract

A reliable, resistance heated nozzle beam source is described which is capable of producing high‐intensity supersonic atomic and molecular beams of chlorine, bromine, and iodine. The use of a high‐density graphite nozzle eliminates corrosion and allows for operation up to 2300 K. The performance of this source is reported using seeded halogen gas mixtures which extend the accessible kinetic energy region to several eV.