Since 1895 the medical literature of this country has contained reports of seventy cases of fungous infection. Cutaneous lesions are the most common, but systemic and pulmonary infections have also been reported. It is not possible to say how many of these patients had the primary infection in the lung. A study of the reports reveals that in twenty-seven of the cases there was an onset with cough and other symptoms of respiratory involvement. In only seventeen instances, however, was a fungus recovered from the sputum, and in nine this examination was negative. It is apparent, therefore, that primary fungous infection of the lung, without involvement of other structures, has not often been recognized. The diagnosis has not usually been made until the postmortem observations have revealed the true nature of the infection. The presence of a yeastlike fungus in sputum, particularly if there are no cutaneous lesions or signs