Intrathecal etorphine, fentanyl and buprenorphine on spinal nociceptive neurones in the rat

Abstract

Single unit recordings were made in the lumbar dorsal horn in the intact anaesthetized rat from convergent, multireceptive neurones. Activity was evoked by A.beta. and C fibre transcutaneous electrical stimulation of hind paw receptive fields. Three opioids, fentanyl, etorphine and buprenorphine were applied either intrathecally or intravenously and their effects on neuronal responses were examined. Intrathecal fentanyl and etorphine produced clear selective naloxone-reversible inhibitions of C fibre-evoked responses (ED50 = 24 .mu.g and 0.6 .mu.g respectively). Fentanyl, a .mu. opioid receptor agonist, was more potent at a given dose when given systemically, but etorphine, a non-selective opioid agonist, was similarly potent by both routes. In contrast to fentanyl and etorphine, intrathecal buprenorphine produced facilitations of C fibre-evoked responses at a low dose (15 .mu.g), but inhibited both C and A.beta. fibre-evoked responses equally at a higher dose (125 .mu.g). Inhibitions were found to be irreversible by naloxone. No inhibition of either C or A.beta. responses occurred following intravenous buprenorphine (10-1070 .mu.g). The results are discussed in the light of the relationships between lipophilicity, opioid receptor selectivity and potency for spinally applied opioids.