Sample manipulator for operation between 20 and 2000 K in ultrahigh vacuum

Abstract

We present a simple design for an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) sample manipulator which allows rapid temperature changes from 2000 to 20 K while maintaining xyz translations, rotation, and tilt capabilities. A mechanical heat switch is used between the cryogenic reservoir and the sample holder. The sample is kept electrically isolated at all times. A large thermal mass of the sample holder gives good temperature stability (1 K/h); yet temperature extremes can be obtained within a few minutes.