Activation of calcineurin by limited proteolysis.
- 1 July 1983
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Vol. 80 (14), 4291-4295
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.80.14.4291
Abstract
[Purified from bovine brain] calcineurin, a heterodimer of calcineurin B, a 19,000 MW Ca2+-binding subunit, and calcineurin A, a 61,000 MW calmodulin-binding subunit, was previously proposed to be a calmodulin- and Ca2+-regulated protein phosphatase. Like other calmodulin-stimulated enzymes, calcineurin can be activated and rendered calmodulin- and Ca2+-independent by limited proteolysis. By glycerol gradient centrifugation, the native enzyme has aS20,w [sedimentation coefficient] of 4.5 S [Svedberg unit] in EGTA [ethylene glyco-bis [.beta.-aminoethylether N,N-tetraacetic acid] and 5 S in the presence of Ca2+ calmodulin. Under the same conditions, the S20,w of the trypsin-activated enzyme (4.3 S) is not affected by Ca2+ and calmodulin. the trypsin-treated enzyme is a heterodimer of calcineurin B and a 45,000 MW fragment of calcineurin A that has lost its ability to interact with calmodulin. Phosphatase activity sediments with calcineurin or its proteolytic fragments, providing further evidence that calcineurin is indeed a protein phosphatase. Calmodulin protects calcineurin against tryptic digestion; proteolysis occurs more slowly, yielding fragments with MW 57,000, 55,000 and 54,000 that have preserved their ability to interact with calmodulin. After trypsin treatment in the presence of calmodulin, the protein phosphatase activity of calcineurin is still regulated by calmodulin. Prolonged trypsin treatment in the presence of calmodulin produces a 46,000 MW fragment. Unlike the fragments generated in the absence of calmodulin, this 46,000 MW fragment still interacts weakly with calmodulin. Calcineurin, like other calmodulin-regulated enzymes, consists of a catalytic domain resistant to proteolysis and a calmodulin-binding regulatory domain susceptible to protease action in the absence of calmodulin but not in its presence. In the absence of calmodulin, the regulatory domain exerts an inhibitory effect on the catalytic domain; the inhibition is relieved upon calmodulin binding to or tryptic degradation of the regulatory domain.This publication has 24 references indexed in Scilit:
- The Protein Phosphatases Involved in Cellular Regulation. 1. Classification and Substrate SpecificitiesEuropean Journal of Biochemistry, 1983
- [22] Isolation and characterization of bovine brain calcineurin: A calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphataseMethods in Enzymology, 1983
- Calcium-independent myosin light chain kinase of smooth muscle. Preparation by limited chymotryptic digestion of the calcium ion dependent enzyme, purification and characterizationBiochemistry, 1982
- Discovery of A Ca2+‐and calmodulin‐dependent protein phosphataseFEBS Letters, 1982
- Regulation of Actin-Myosin Interaction by Reversible Phosphorylation of Myosin and Myosin KinaseCold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 1982
- Function of a calmodulin in postsynaptic densities. III. Calmodulin-binding proteins of the postsynaptic density.The Journal of cell biology, 1981
- Large-scale purification and characterization of calmodulin from ram testis its metal-ion-dependent conformersBiochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, 1980
- High levels of a heat-labile calmodulin-binding protein (CaM-BP80) in bovine neostriatumBiochemistry, 1980
- Purification of cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitory protein by affinity chromatography on activator protein coupled to sepharoseBiochemistry, 1978
- Cleavage of Structural Proteins during the Assembly of the Head of Bacteriophage T4Nature, 1970