Analysis of clenbuterol in human plasma using liquid chromatography/atmospheric‐pressure chemical‐ionization mass spectrometry

Abstract

Clenbuterol is a β-agonist drug used illegally as a growth stimulant in meat-producing animals and human athletes. The analysis of clenbuterol in spiked human plasma was performed using on-line liquid chromatography/atmospheric-pressure chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCI-MS) using a conventional bore LC column (flow rate = 1.0 mL/min). At low sampling cone voltages, the mass spectrum was predominantly the [M + H]⁺ ion but diagnostic fragment ions were formed upon incremental increases in sampling cone voltage. The detection limit (signal-to-noise ratio of 3) using selected-ion monitoring of the [M + H]⁺ ion was 0.1 ng on-column (l0 ppb). This is a 50-fold better sensitivity of detection than that previously reported for an on-line thermospray LC/MS method. The extraction procedures were not optimized for maximum sensitivity and the lack of interferences suggests that much lower detection limits for clenbuterol in plasma are attainable.