Intravitreally administered bevacizumab (Avastin) in minimally classic and occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Background Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been shown to be effective in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Efficacy and safety of intravitreally administered bevacizumab (Avastin), a humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF, was assessed in minimally classic and occult subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) due to AMD. Methods A prospective interventional study was carried out. Bevacizumab (1.25 mg) was administered intravitreally on a 6-week basis until macular edema, subretinal fluid, and/or pigment epithelial detachment had resolved. Administration was repeated in case of relapse. Ophthalmic evaluations included a complete ophthalmic examination, measurement of the visual acuity (VA), optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography. Main outcome measures were the changes between baseline and last follow-up visit in best-corrected VA, central foveal thickness (CFT) and total macular volume (TMV). Results From 102 patients [mean age (range) 74.8 (61–85) years], 102 eyes were included. Median (range) duration of follow-up was 18 (6–24) weeks. Statistically significant changes from baseline were observed in best-corrected VA [increase of 1.29 lines (P=0.001)], CFT [reduction of 56 μm (P=0.01)] and TMV [reduction of 0.80 mm³ (P<0.0001)]. Positive results were obtained in 65/102 (64%) patients after two to three injections as a mean. In a substantial proportion of patients (38%) followed up for at least 18 weeks, recurrence of leakage requiring additional injections was observed. Treatment was well tolerated; two pigment epithelium rips and ten posterior vitreous detachments were reported. Conclusions Short-term results suggest that intravitreally administered bevacizumab (Avastin) is effective in minimally classic and occult CNV due to AMD. Significant improvements in VA, CFT and TMV were obtained and maintained during follow-up. In some patients, however, recurrence of leakage requiring additional intravitreal injection occurred. Maintenance of the effect of bevacizumab and its safety after repeated and prolonged administration have to be investigated in well-controlled studies.