Cotton yields increased an average of 25.7% in 80 field trials conducted over 16 yr in 6 counties of western Texas, where a soil fumigant was applied to control the cotton root-knot nematode. An analysis of 2016 soil samples from fields in the 6 counties showed that 47.3% contained a population of root-knot nematodes. Annual cotton production in these counties was 839,800 bales (8 yr average). The calculated loss in the 6 counties was 85,600 bales.