Second-Order Properties of Double-Focusing Spectrometer with Nonuniform Magnetic Field

Abstract

Second-order focusing properties are considered for a nonuniform magnetic field with arbitrary circular boundaries in the case of normal entry and exit. The formula obtained here agrees with that obtained by Hintenberger for the special case α=β=0. It is also shown that the double and second-order focusing can be achieved simultaneously. The numerical results are represented graphically for a symmetrical double-focusing spectrometer with an arbitrary deflection angle.