Adriamycin, 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, NSC 409962) and cyclophosphamide therapy of drug-resistant metastatic breast carcinoma

Abstract

Thirty-two evaluable patients with metastatic carcinoma of the breast received chemotherapy consisting of BCNU plus cyclophosphamide followed in 18 hours by Adriamycin. Treatments were repeated every 4 weeks. Complete or partial responses were observed in 14 patients (43.7%) and in 12 of 27 drug-resistant patients (44.4%). An additional 26% of patients had objective improvement, for an overall objective response rate of 70.4% in drug-resistant patients. Skin, lymph node, and soft tissue metastases more frequently responded to therapy, while hepatic, peritoneal, and osseous metastases responded with an intermediate frequency. Pulmonary, pleural, and central nervous system metastases did not respond to therapy. The median duration of complete and partial responses was 6.8 months, and the median survival of these patients was 9.6 months. Overall, the median survival of all patients in this study was 6.5 months. The dose-limiting toxicity was myelosuppression, particularly granulocytopenia. Congestive heart failure and stomatitis were rare. This combination of drugs is a reasonably well-tolerated regimen for treating advanced breast carcinoma in an ambulatory setting, and produces a high rate of objective antitumor response of moderate duration.