Epidemiological Trends of Dengue Disease in Mexico (2000–2011): A Systematic Literature Search and Analysis

Abstract

This systematic literature review describes the epidemiology of dengue disease in Mexico (2000–2011). The annual number of uncomplicated dengue cases reported increased from 1,714 in 2000 to 15,424 in 2011 (incidence rates of 1.72 and 14.12 per 100,000 population, respectively). Peaks were observed in 2002, 2007, and 2009. Coastal states were most affected by dengue disease. The age distribution pattern showed an increasing number of cases during childhood, a peak at 10–20 years, and a gradual decline during adulthood. All four dengue virus serotypes were detected. Although national surveillance is in place, there are knowledge gaps relating to asymptomatic cases, primary/secondary infections, and seroprevalence rates of infection in all age strata. Under-reporting of the clinical spectrum of the disease is also problematic. Dengue disease remains a serious public health problem in Mexico. Dengue disease is a tropical and subtropical mosquito-borne viral illness, and is a major public health concern in all endemic countries. Our aim was to determine the impact of dengue disease on the Mexican population over time, and to identify future research priorities and challenges of the surveillance system. To do this, we conducted a systematic literature review to describe the knowledge and gaps in the epidemiology of dengue disease. We used well-defined methods to search and identify relevant epidemiologic research conducted in Mexico between 2000 and 2011. This long-term review highlights an increase in the incidence of dengue disease—as well as in the number of severe cases and deaths in Mexico. Gaps in epidemiological knowledge regarding local serotype distribution, genotype evolution, age-stratified incidence and prevalence, hospitalization rates, underreporting rates as well as primary and secondary infections of dengue provide several avenues for future research. Improved epidemiological data from enhanced surveillance strategies (such as incorporating sentinel sites, more private health units, and information technologies) are required to enable evaluation of disease prevention and management interventions.