Onset of Surface-Tension-Driven Bénard Convection
- 4 September 1995
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Physical Society (APS) in Physical Review Letters
- Vol. 75 (10), 1938-1941
- https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.75.1938
Abstract
Experiments with shadowgraph visualization reveal a subcritical transition to a hexagonal convection pattern in thin liquid layers that have a free upper surface and are heated from below. The measured critical Marangoni number (84) and observation of hysteresis ( ) agree with theory. In some experiments, imperfect bifurcation is observed and is attributed to deterministic forcing caused in part by the lateral boundaries in the experiment.
Keywords
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