Anti-CD30 diabody-drug conjugates with potent antitumor activity

Abstract

Anti-CD30 diabodies were engineered with two cysteine mutations for site-specific drug conjugation in each chain of these homodimeric antibody fragments. Diabodies were conjugated with ∼4 equivalents of the anti-tubulin drugs, monomethyl auristatin E or F, via a protease-cleavable dipeptide linker, to create the conjugates, diabody-vcE4 and diabody-vcF4, respectively. Diabody conjugation had only minor (50) and L540cy (22 pmol/L IC₅₀), and was 8- and 21-fold more active than diabody-vcE4 against these cell lines, respectively. Clearance of diabody-vcF4 (99-134 mL/d/kg) was 5-fold slower than for the nonconjugated diabody in naive severe combined immunodeficient mice. Diabody-vcF4 had potent and dose-dependent antitumor activity against established Karpas-299 xenografts and gave durable complete responses at well-tolerated doses. Biodistribution experiments with diabody-[³H]-vcF4 (0.72-7.2 mg/kg) in tumor-bearing mice showed a dose-dependent increase in total auristatin accumulation in tumors (≤520 nmol/L) and decrease in relative auristatin accumulation (≤8.1 %ID/g), with peak localization at 4 to 24 h after dosing. Diabody-vcF4 had ∼4-fold lower cytotoxic activity than the corresponding IgG1-vcF4 conjugate in vitro. A similar potency difference was observed in vivo despite 25- to 34-fold faster clearance of diabody-vcF4 than IgG1-vcF4. This may reflect that dose-escalated diabody-vcF4 can surpass IgG1-vcF4 in auristatin delivery to tumors, albeit with higher auristatin exposure to some organs including kidney and liver. Diabody-drug conjugates can have potent antitumor activity at well-tolerated doses and warrant further optimization for cancer therapy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(8):2486–97]