Recent Advances in Melanoma Biology

Abstract

Learning Objectives: After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the epidemiological evidence supporting the association of intermittent sun exposure with melanoma. Discuss the role of cell adhesion molecules in melanoma progression. List several steps in apoptotic pathways that may prove useful targets for future therapeutic interventions. Access and take the CME test online and receive one hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at http://CME.TheOncologist.com The incidence and mortality rates of melanoma have increased at annual rates of 2%–3% for the last 30 years. Disseminated disease is largely refractory to cytotoxic chemotherapy and is almost universally fatal. Several recent advances in melanoma biology offer new strategies for potentially treating this aggressive malignancy. This review focuses on three significant advances involving tumor initiation, etiology, and progression. New experimental models reveal a direct role for UV-B light in initiating melanomas in human skin. Studies on E- and N-cadherin elucidate the importance of local homeostatic mechanisms in regulating tumor progression. Finally, several discoveries concerning apoptotic mechanisms in melanoma suggest strategies for future treatments.