Abstract
LIKE the lungs, the liver is composed of two functionally separate, plethoric, spongy, somewhat fragile organs that are separated by a narrow anatomical plane. Although methods for removing parts of the liver developed far more slowly than those for pulmonary surgery, the risks in both kinds of surgery today depend mainly on the health of the patient and the extent of disease.1 2 3 4 In an otherwise healthy patient, the symptoms, site, size, and spread of a hepatic neoplasm dictate whether an operation should be recommended. Because these criteria can be assessed to an acceptable degree by history taking, physical examination, and . . .