Anaphase‐telophase analysis of chromosomal damage induced by chemicals
- 1 January 1984
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Wiley in Environmental Mutagenesis
- Vol. 6 (3), 299-310
- https://doi.org/10.1002/em.2860060306
Abstract
Three main aspects involved in the chemical induction of anaphase-telophase aberrations in the first mitosis after treatment were analyzed: 1) the relationship between the frequency of anaphase-telophase aberrations and the time of fixation after treatment; 2) the dose-response relationships; and 3) the proliferative rate of cells exposed to chemicals which interact with DNA by different mechanisms. Experiments were carried out using Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The compounds examined were adriamycin (ADR) and mitomycin C (MMC). The frequency of cells with chromatin bridges or with lagging chromosomes as well as the mitotic index was determined in each experiment. The results obtained showed that 1) chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes are apparently induced during the S period of the previous interphase; 2) the increase in the cytotoxicity index (inferred from the mitotic index) and the frequency of cells with chromatin bridges and lagging chromosomes were proportional to the treatment lapse and to the dose employed; and 3) the effect of ADR on cell growth differs from the effect of MMC. While ADR decreased the mitotic activity of cells in logarithmic growth phase, MMC induced mitotic delay. In accordance with these results, the occurrence of chromatin bridges in anaphase-telophase could be explained by the induction of chromosome stickiness and, to a lesser extent, by the induction of exchange-type aberrations. On the other hand, lagging chromosomes seem to be the result of chromatid or chromosome breaks because the lagging chromosomes observed were primarily, if not all, fragments and not whole chromosomes. Our evaluation of the anaphase-telophase test indicates that it is very sensitive method for the detection of chemical clastogens, but other factors, such as mitotic depression, must be taken into account to avoid false-negative results.Keywords
This publication has 20 references indexed in Scilit:
- Molecular mechanisms of production of symmetrical and asymmetrical chromosome exchangesJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1981
- Enhancement by caffeine of the frequency of anaphase-telophase chromatin bridges induced by triethylenemelamine (TEM)Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1980
- Cytogenic assays of chemical clastogens using mammalian cells in cultureMutation Research, 1977
- Mitotic anomalies induced by three inhalation halogenated anestheticsEnvironmental Research, 1976
- Adriamycin-induced chromosome damage: Elevated frequencies of isochromatid aberrations in G2 and S phasesCellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 1976
- The repair of double-strand breaks in DNA: A model involving recombinationJournal of Theoretical Biology, 1976
- Cytological detection of mutagen–carcinogen exposure by sister chromatid exchangeNature, 1975
- The enhancement by caffeine of the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations induced in plant and animal cells by chemical and physical agentsMutation Research, 1974
- Chromosome methodologies in mutation testing: Report of the Ad Hoc Committee of The Environmental Mutagen Society and The Institute for Medical ResearchToxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 1972
- Mitotic inhibition and chromosome damage by mitomycin in human leukocyte culturesExperimental Cell Research, 1964