Optically induced crosstalk in LiNbO3 waveguide switches

Abstract
Observations of optically induced crosstalk drift in LiNbO3 waveguide directional coupler switches at 0.633‐ and 1.06‐μm wavelengths are reported. At 1.06 μm, crosstalk has been observed to remain below −25 dB for optical powers of 1 mW. The drift at 0.633 μm is explained in terms of the photorefractive effect of LiNbO3.