Ferroelectric Hysteresis Tracer Featuring Compensation and Sample Grounding

Abstract

A simple, bridge‐type, compensable hysteresis tracer for ferroelectric measurements is described. Unlike conventional hysteresis circuits, one side of the sample is grounded, facilitating control of external parameters during test. Errors due to capacitance and conductance to ground become conveniently analytic. Initial balance controls uniquely neutralize these and have adequate range to accommodate complex fixtures and/or long cables for remote samples. The linear capacitance and equivalent shunt resistance of a ferroelectric sample can be accurately compensated and the values read directly from calibrated dials. The circuit is used in conjunction with a conventional oscilloscope for displaying the hysteresis loops generated but, in itself, the circuit employs no active components.