Exact scattering theory for the Landauer residual-resistivity dipole

Abstract
An exact-scattering-theory calculation for the density of electrons around localized impurities in bulk metals for arbitrary transport current is performed within the noninteracting-Fermi-gas approximation. To first order in the transport current, one recovers the Landauer residual-resistivity dipole plus additional Friedel oscillations. Numerical calculations for the density at arbitrary currents are performed for the one-, two-, and three-dimensional case.