Anxiety indicators in an avoidance response during conflict and nonconflict.

Abstract

The response studied consisted of pressure exerted by the rat''s nose against a light metal panel. By means of a pen attached to the back of the panel, all fluctuations of the panel as the rat pushed against it could be recorded on a moving kymograph. Responses were studied at the operant level, when the response was reinforced by light-removal, when the response was in conflict with bar-pressing for food, and during three procedures for recovery from conflict. Fluctuations in amplitude of the response were non-existent when the response was not reinforced, but when reinforcement developed in a steady fashion, were especially marked during conflict. These fluctuations were explained as responses to a proprioceptive stimulation serving as source of cues to light-onset and were theoretically considered indicative of the existence of an anxiety state.