Abdominal compartment syndrome

Abstract

The classical abdominal compartment syndrome, which is characterized by abdominal distention, and cardiorespiratory and renal function compromise, is a late manifestation of intra-abdominal hypertension. Significant organ dysfunction occurs much earlier and it is important to recognize and treat the problem at its early stages. Prolonged hypotension requiring massive fluid resuscitation or other conditions associated with bowel hypoperfusion are the most critical factors in the development of intra-abdominal hypertension, even in the absence of abdominal trauma. Close monitoring by means of clinical examination and bladder pressure measurements are essential for all patients at risk. Decompression by means of laparotomy and temporary abdominal wall closure with a prosthetic material should be performed as early as possible.