Polyclonal breast cancer metastases arise from collective dissemination of keratin 14-expressing tumor cell clusters
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- 16 February 2016
- journal article
- Published by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Vol. 113 (7), E854-E863
- https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508541113
Abstract
Significance: Conventional models of cancer progression propose that single cells leave the primary tumor, enter the circulation, and seed clonal metastases. However, metastases can contain multiple clones, raising the question: How do polyclonal metastases form? We demonstrate that cancer cells seed distant organs as cohesive clusters, composed of two molecularly distinct subpopulations, whose proportions vary systematically during metastasis. We establish that collective dissemination is a frequent mechanism for metastasis and identify a molecular program in the most invasive, keratin 14 + (K14 + ) cancer cells, regulating cell–cell adhesion, cell–matrix adhesion, and immune evasion. We demonstrate that this metastatic phenotype is dependent upon K14 expression. Understanding the molecular basis of collective dissemination may therefore enable novel prognostics and therapies to improve patient outcomes.Keywords
Funding Information
- HHS | NIH | National Cancer Institute (P30 CA006973)
- Breast Cancer Research Foundation (Pink Agenda Research Award)
- American Cancer Society (RSG-12-141-01-CSM)
- DOD | Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-12-1-0018)
- Burroughs Wellcome Fund (1013355)
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