Highly active and selective anticoagulants: D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H, a free tripeptide aldehyde prone to spontaneous inactivation, and its stable N-methyl derivative, D-MePhe-Pro-Arg-H

Abstract

D-Phe-Arg-H sulfate (GYKI-14166) is a highly active and selective inhibitor of thrombin both in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies on the stability of D-Phe-Arg-H in neutral aqueous solution at higher temperature have revealed that it is transformed into inactive 5,6,8,9,10,10a-hexahydro-2-(3''-guanidinopropyl)-5-benzyl-6-oxoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,1-c]pyrazine. No such inactivation could be observed with Boc-D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H (GYKI-14451), but this compound was far less specific than the free peptide as it inhibited thrombin and, for instance, plasmin equally well. Assuming that the transformation of free tripeptide aldehyde, mentioned above, can only be initiated by a primary amino terminus, the N-alkyl derivatives of D-Phe-Pro-Arg-H were prepared. Of the new analogues, D-MePhe-Pro-Arg-H (GYKI-14766) proved to be as highly active and selective anticoagulant as its parent compound and was not inactivated by transformation into a heterocyclic compound.