The high incidence of amblyopia indicates the need for testing of vision in preschool children 3 years of age and older. The responsibility for seeing that vision is tested rests with the child's physician. Because of extra-ocular influences, results of acuity testing in young children must be regarded merely as minimum values. Unsatisfactory tests should be repeated at monthly intervals, until definite results are obtained. The illiterate E is recommended as the most useful test for children who can comprehend it. A new picture test, for children who cannot comprehend the illiterate-E test, is described and evaluated in terms of a 30-ft denominator.