β-Amyloid Stimulates Murine Postnatal and Adult Microglia Cultures in a Unique Manner

Abstract

Reactive microglia are commonly observed in association with the β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques of Alzheimer's disease brains. This localization supports the hypothesis that Aβ is a specific activating stimulus for microglia. A variety ofin vitrostudies have used postnatal derived rodent microglia cultures to characterize the ability of Aβ to stimulate these cells. However, it is unclear whether this paradigm accurately models conditions in aged animals. To determine whether Aβ stimulatory phenotypes differ between young and adult microglia, we established cultures of acutely isolated adult murine cortical microglia to compare with postnatal derived microglial cultures. Although cells from both ages expressed robust immunoreactivity for CD68 and CD11b, their responses to activating stimuli differed. Fibrillar Aβ was rapidly phagocytosed by postnatal microglia and both oligomeric and fibrillar peptide stimulated increased tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) secretion. However, Aβ oligomers but not fibrils stimulated TNFα secretion from adult microglia. More importantly, adult microglia had diminished ability to phagocytose Aβ fibrils. These findings demonstrate that adult microglia respond to Aβ fibril stimulation uniquely from postnatal cells and suggest that adult rather than postnatal microglia cultures are more appropriate for modeling proinflammatory changes in the aged CNS.