Formation of integrated optics components by multiphoton photorefractive processes

Abstract

Phase holograms have been formed in pure outdiffused LiNbO₃ waveguides using the photorefractive effect initiated by two‐photon absorption. Efficient holograms were recorded with two guided waves, of less than 100 W peak power, and less than 10 μJ optical energy. This technique automatically compensates for wave front perturbations in the guide and allows the formation of various integrated components such as wavelength multiplexers and optical switches.