Molecular basis of DNA sequence recognition by the catabolite gene activator protein: detailed inferences from three mutations that alter DNA sequence specificity.

Abstract
Substitution of Glu-181 of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) by lysine, leucine or valine results in a protein that has specificity for A.cntdot.TR base pairs at positions 7 and 16 of the DNA recognition site, rather than G.cntdot.C base pairs as is the case with the wild-type CAP. From these genetic data are deduced both the specifc chemical interactions by which amino acid side chains at position 181 interact with base pairs 7 and 16 and the precise alignment between the structures of the CAP and DNA in the intermolecular CAP-DNA complex. The 2 symmetry-related F .alpha.-helices of the CAP dimer probably interact with successive major grooves of right-handed B-type DNA.