Reconstructions of GaAs(1¯ 1¯ 1¯) surfaces observed by scanning tunneling microscopy

Abstract
We present scanning tunneling microscopy images of the As-rich (2×2) and the Ga-rich (√19 × √19 ) reconstructions of the GaAs(1¯ 1¯ 1¯) surface produced in situ by molecular-beam epitaxy. From the experimental results and total-energy calculations we show that the (2×2) surface consists of As adatom trimers bonded to the underlying surface. The (√19 × √19 ) unit cell is dominated by a two-layer hexagonal ring.