The adaptor ASC has extracellular and 'prionoid' activities that propagate inflammation
Open Access
- 22 June 2014
- journal article
- research article
- Published by Springer Nature in Nature Immunology
- Vol. 15 (8), 727-737
- https://doi.org/10.1038/ni.2913
Abstract
Various endogenous and pathogen-derived stimuli trigger the assembly of cytosolic multimolecular 'speck' platforms coordinated by the adapter ASC. Latz and colleagues demonstrate that ASC specks have extracellular functions that can prolong inflammation. Microbes or danger signals trigger inflammasome sensors, which induce polymerization of the adaptor ASC and the assembly of ASC specks. ASC specks recruit and activate caspase-1, which induces maturation of the cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and pyroptotic cell death. Here we found that after pyroptosis, ASC specks accumulated in the extracellular space, where they promoted further maturation of IL-1β. In addition, phagocytosis of ASC specks by macrophages induced lysosomal damage and nucleation of soluble ASC, as well as activation of IL-1β in recipient cells. ASC specks appeared in bodily fluids from inflamed tissues, and autoantibodies to ASC specks developed in patients and mice with autoimmune pathologies. Together these findings reveal extracellular functions of ASC specks and a previously unknown form of cell-to-cell communication.Keywords
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