Selective Predation by Drift-Feeding Brown Trout (Salmo trutta)

Abstract

Consumption of three species of prey by brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a laboratory stream was studied during 7-d experiments. Two drift rates (5 and 10 organisms/min) and three ratios (1:1, 2:1, 5:1) of small:large alternative prey were employed. Responses to prey species stabilized after 4–6 d and 800–1200 prey captures, but no prey was completely excluded from the diet. Size-selective predation was a dominant characteristic of the response. The fish appeared to alter the area (depth) searched in response to prey density; electivity was greatest when prey densities were high. Disproportionate predation on abundant prey ("switching") was a temporary phenomenon, which may have been masked by prey size. Brown trout ultimately achieved 54–91% of a hypothetical diet in which prey are ranked in order of size (energy content). Deviations from an optimal diet may be explained in terms of a feeding strategy that deals with heterogeneous distribution of prey, as well as with the behavioral capabilities of the predator. Key words: behavior, fish, invertebrate drift, optimal foraging, predation, prey size and abundance, Salmonidae, search image, streams