The Nature of the Coefficient of Friction

Abstract

The modern theory of the friction between dry metal surfaces ascribes it to local minute welds or adhesions between the surfaces and suggests that for a given pair of surfaces the friction force is uniquely defined by the normal load alone. Herein it is demonstrated that this cannot in general be true and that some further condition of operation must also be defined. Experiments are reported indicating that one such possible condition is the sliding speed so that the friction force is actually a function of the normal load and the sliding speed. It is pointed out that the speed can influence the friction force in two ways—one, by the resulting shear strain rate in the vicinity of the welded junction, and the other by the length of time taken for a junction of full strength to form.