Probing Intracellular Biomarkers and Mediators of Cell Activation Using Nanosensors and Bioorthogonal Chemistry
- 25 February 2011
- journal article
- research article
- Published by American Chemical Society (ACS) in ACS Nano
- Vol. 5 (4), 3204-3213
- https://doi.org/10.1021/nn200333m
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical properties that make them ideal biosensors for scant cell populations. However, specific targeting of nanoparticles to intracellular proteins has been challenging. Here, we describe a technique to improve intracellular biomarker sensing using nanoparticles that is based on bioorthogonal chemistry. Using trans-cyclooctene-modified affinity ligands that are administered to semipermeabilized cells and revealed by cycloaddition reaction with tetrazine-conjugated nanoparticles, we demonstrate site-specific amplification of nanomaterial binding. We also show that this technique is capable of sensing protein biomarkers and phosho-protein signal mediators, both within the cytosol and nucleus, via magnetic or fluorescent modalities. We expect the described method will have broad applications in nanomaterial-based diagnostics and therapeutics.Keywords
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