Retrospective analysis of yeast colonization and infections in paediatric bone marrow transplant recipients
- 1 January 1997
- Vol. 40 (1-2), 47-54
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1997.tb00170.x
Abstract
Summary. Sixty‐four paediatric patients who underwent allogeneic (n= 35), autologous (n= 28) or syngeneic (n= 1) bone marrow transplantation (BMT) between 1992 and 1994 were evaluated retrospectively. As antifungal prophylaxis, all patients received amphotericin B tablets and 62 of 64 (96.9%) received oral fluconazole. Weekly surveillance cultures revealed fungal colonization in 35 patients (54.7%). Six patients (9.4%) were colonized before BMT only, 17 (26.6%) after BMT only and 12 (18.8%) both before and after BMT. Candida albicans was the most frequently isolated fungus [21 of 46 fungal isolates (45.7%)], followed by C. glabrata [14 isolates (30.4%)]. Non‐albicans species of Candida were most frequently isolated after BMT from the faeces, often in high numbers. Autologous marrow recipients had a higher fungal colonization rate both before and after BMT than allogeneic marrow recipients. One patient suffered from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after BMT. No fungaemias or deep‐seated yeast infections were observed. Six of the seven patients who had to be treated with intravenous amphotericin B because of antibiotic‐refractory fever had undergone autologous BMT. Multivariate analysis of various parameters showed only pre‐BMT yeast colonization to be independently associated with post‐BMT colonization. Thus, systemic mycoses occurred only rarely in this study population; however yeast colonization after BMT (especially with non‐albicans species) was a frequent event in spite of double prophylaxis with oral amphotericin B and fluconazole. Zusammenfassung. Vierundsechzig pädiatrische Patienten, die sich zwischen 1992 und 1994 einer allogenen (n= 35), autologen (n= 28) oder syngenen (n= 1) Knochenmarktransplantation (KMT) unterzogen, wurden retrospektiv evaluiert. Als Antimykotikaprophylaxe erhielten alle Patienten Amphotericin‐B‐Tabletten, und 62 von 64 (96.9%) erhielten Fluconazol per os. Wöchentliche Überwachungskulturen ergaben eine Pilzbestedlung bei 35 Patienten (54.7%). Sechs Patienten (9.4%) waren nur vor KMT besiedelt, 17 (26.6%) nur nach KMT und 12 (18.8%) vor und nach KMT. Candida albicans war der am häufigsten gefundene Sproßpilz [21 von 46 Isolaten (45.7%)], gefolgt von C. glabrata [14 Isolate (30.4%)]. Nicht‐albicans‐Spezies von Candida fanden sich am häufigsten nach KMT in den Faeces, oft in hoher Keimzahl. Die Empfänger von autologem Knochenmark hatten eine höhere Pilzbesiedlungsrate sowohl vor als auch nach KMT als die Patienten mit allogener KMT. Ein Patient erkrankte nach KMT an einer Lungenaspergillose. Fungämien oder systemische Sproßpilzinfektionen wurden nicht beobachtet. Sechs der sieben Patienten, die wegen antibiotika‐resistentem Fieber mit intravenösem Amphotericin B behandelt werden mußten, waren autolog transplantiert worden. Eine multivariate Analyse verschiedener Parameter zeigte, daß nur eine Sproßpilzbesiedlung vor KMT unabhängig mit einer Besiedlung nach KMTKeywords
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